Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Author: Joe Tidd
Developed for courses at both undergraduate and postgraduate level Innovation and Entrepreneurship is an accessible introductory text written primarily for students of business and management studies. The book is also suitable for engineering students studying courses in business and management. Contemporary issues in both innovation and entrepreneurship are used to engage and excite students, and lead them to the relevant theory, models and lessons.
The authors have created a new text which includes:
• Fully integrated contemporary themes in innovation, such as sustainability, social entrepreneurship and creating new ventures.
• A focus on the role of individual entrepreneurship and organizational innovation, in private and public services.
• Contemporary cases from areas including new media, computer gaming, internet services, and public and social innovation cases.
Table of Contents:
Preface xiAcknowledgements xiii
Principles 1
The Innovation Imperative 3
Innovation - Everybody's Talking About It... 4
Innovation Matters... 4
...but it isn't Easy! 7
Managing Innovation 9
What Do We Know about Managing Innovation? 10
Understanding the What 12
Creating the Conditions for Effective Innovation 17
What, Why and When - the Challenge of Innovation Strategy 21
Developing Personal Capabilities 26
Chapter Summary 27
Key Terms Defined 29
Further Reading and Resources 29
References 30
Discussion Questions 30
Team Exercises 31
Assignment and Case Study Questions 32
Organizing Innovation and Entrepreneurship 39
Linking Creativity, Entrepreneurship and Innovation 40
Personality: Promoting Individual Creativity 41
Processes: Strategies and Stages of Creativity 46
Environment: Creating a Climate for Innovation 54
Developing Personal Capabilities 66
ChapterSummary 70
Key Terms Defined 71
Further Reading and Resources 71
References 72
Discussion Questions 73
Team Exercise: Brainstorming and Spider Diagrams 73
Assignment and Case Study Questions 74
Networks and Systems 81
No man is an Island... 82
The Spaghetti Model of Innovation 83
Types of Innovation Networks 84
Networks at the Start-up 88
Networks on the Inside 89
Networks on the Outside 89
Networks into the Unknown 92
Learning Networks 93
Making Networks Happen - Networks by Design 94
Developing Personal Capabilities 97
Chapter Summary 98
Key Terms Defined 98
Further Reading and Resources 99
References 99
Discussion Questions 100
Team Exercises 100
Assignment and Case Study Questions 100
Context 105
Innovative Manufacturing 107
Images of Manufacturing 108
From Craft to Agile 111
From Hands to High-Involvement 116
Harnessing the 'Hundred-headed Brain' 119
From Things to Knowledge 127
From Hand Tools to Intelligent Manufacturing 131
From Solo Act to Network 135
Developing Personal Capabilities 137
Chapter Summary 138
Key Terms Defined 139
Further Reading and Resources 140
References 141
Discussion Questions 141
Team Exercises 142
Assignment and Case Study Questions 142
New Product and Service Development 147
Service Versus Product Development 148
Products and Service Development Strategies: Success Factors 152
Organization for Development and Delivery of New Products and Services 159
Processes for New Product and Service Development 164
Tools and Technology to Support Service Innovation 167
Developing Personal Capabilities 172
Chapter Summary 175
Key Terms Defined 175
Further Reading and Resources 176
References 176
Discussion Questions 177
Team Exercise 177
Assignment and Case Study Questions 177
Practice 183
Creating and Sharing Knowledge and Intellectual Property 185
Generating and Acquiring Knowledge 186
Identifying and Codifying Knowledge 188
Storing and Retrieving Knowledge 192
Sharing and Distributing Knowledge 194
Translating Knowledge into Innovation 197
Exploiting Intellectual Property 202
Developing Personal Capabilities 211
Chapter Summary 214
Key Terms Defined 214
Further Reading and Resources 215
References 216
Discussion Questions 217
Team Exercise 217
Assignment and Case Study Questions 218
Exploiting Discontinuous Innovation 221
Introduction 222
The Problem and the Opportunity in Discontinuous Innovation 224
Innovation Life Cycles - from Discontinuity to Steady-state 226
Discontinuous Can Be Disruptive 229
Managing Discontinuous Innovation 234
Dealing with Discontinuity 236
Do We Need a New Model for Managing Innovation? 237
How to Search for the Unexpected? 237
Developing Alternative Strategic Frames 242
Extending Resource Allocation Approaches 242
Managing Discontinuous Innovation 245
Developing Personal Capabilities 246
Chapter Summary 246
Key Terms Defined 247
Further Reading and Resources 247
References 248
Discussion Questions 248
Team Exercises 249
Assignment and Case Study Questions 250
Entrepreneurship and New Ventures 255
Characteristics of Entrepreneurs 256
Context for Entrepreneurship 262
Process and Stages for Creating a New Venture 271
Developing Personal Capabilities 287
Chapter Summary 289
Key Terms Defined 290
Further Reading and Resources 290
References 291
Discussion Questions 293
Team Exercise 293
Assignment and Case Study Questions 293
Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation 297
Thinking about Innovation 298
Uncommon Heroes 301
Big can be Beautiful Too 303
Challenges in Managing Social Entrepreneurship and innovation 310
Developing Personal Capabilities 313
Chapter Summary 314
Key Terms Defined 314
Further Reading and Resources 315
References 315
Discussion Questions 315
Team Exercise 316
Assignment and Case Study Questions 316
Innovation for Growth and Sustainability 323
Innovation for Sustainability 324
Open Systems of Innovation 336
Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations 341
Forecasting and Influencing Future Innovation 348
Developing Personal Capabilities 351
Chapter Summary 353
Key Terms Defined 353
Further Reading and Resources 354
References 355
Discussion Questions 355
Team Exercise 356
Assignment and Case Study Questions 356
Innovation, Globalization and Development 359
Globalization of Innovation 360
National Systems of Innovation 369
Positions in International Value Chains 376
Building Capabilities and Creating Value 380
Developing Personal Capabilities 386
Chapter Summary 393
Key Terms Defined 393
Further Reading and Resources 394
References 394
Discussion Questions 395
Team Exercise: Identifying Capabilities 396
Assignment and Case Study Questions 396
Action 401
Taking the Next Steps - Making it Happen 403
Introduction 404
Making Innovation Happen 406
Generating Ideas 408
Selection 418
Implementation 422
Strategic Leadership 429
Building an Innovative Organization 432
Networking for Innovation 435
Learning to Manage Innovation 437
Managing Innovation and Entrepreneurship 438
Developing Personal Capabilities 439
Chapter Summary 440
Key Terms Defined 440
Further Reading and Resources 440
References 441
Discussion Questions 441
Assignment and Case Study Questions 442
Index 447
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Using Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Health Care
Author: Peter J Neumann
As health costs in the U.S. soar past $1.5 trillion, much evidence indicates that the nation does not get good value for its money. It is widely agreed that we could do better by using cost-effective analysis (CEA) to help determine which health care services are most worthwhile. American policy makers, however, have largely avoided using CEA, and researchers have devoted little attention to understanding why this is so. By considering the economic, social, legal, and ethical factors that contribute to the situation, and how they can be negotiated in the future, this book offers a unique perspective. It traces the roots of EA in health and medicine, describes its promise for rational resource allocation, and discusses the nature of the opposition to it, using Medicare and the Oregon health plans as examples. In exploring the disconnection between the promise of CEA and the persistent failure of rational intentions, the book seeks to find common ground and practical solutions. It analyzes the prospects for change and presents a roadmap for getting there. It offers pragmatic advice for cost-effectiveness analysts, discussing ways in which they can better translate their research findings into the basis for action. The book also offers advice for policy makers and politicians, including lessons from Europe, Canada, and Australia, and underlines the need for leadership to establish the conditions for change.
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